RACE is a collaborative European research programme, running from June 1987 to December 1995 (including Phases I & II and extension). It receives a financial contribution from the European Community of 1103 MECU which represents less than 50% of the overall effort estimated at 2500 MECU.
The overall objective is the introduction of Integrated Broadband Communication (IBC) taking into account the evolving ISDN and national introduction strategies, progressing towards Community-wide services by 1995. URL: http://www.analysys.co.uk/RACE/.
The most common computer memory, the contents of which can be altered at any time.
Random Access Memory is the temporary memory a computer uses to store data and process information. The more RAM a computer has, the more data a computer can manipulate. The contents of RAM are cleared when you turn off the computer.
Any memory in which data can be written/read to/from arbitrary locations: generally semiconductor memory (Static RAM retains data as long as the memory receives power; dynamic RAM requires all memory locations to be accesses (refreshed) periodically; and Non-Volatile memory retains data even without power.)
[Term usually implies RWM.] ``Random'' as opposed to ``sequential'' refers to the fact that any randomly chosen bit of information can be accessed immediately and therefore rapidly. Most RAM is organized in a rectangular array of word lines and bit lines. Any code in the process of execution, and as much as possible of the data which that code requires, are stored in RAM.
Until the late 1960's, the RAM in most computers was in the form of arrays of small ferrite ``cores.'' A bit was encoded by the direction of magnetization of a core. (That's the origin of the term ``core dump.'') The first great success of MOS technology was the rapid take-over of the core memory market by SRAM. SRAM and especially DRAM are still the overwhelmingly dominant forms of central RAM.
Some operating
systems require a great deal of RAM.
Mémoire qui peut-être lue et écrite. Elle doit rester sous tension pour conserver les informations à la différences des mémoires de type ROM.
Le terme "aléatoire indique que contrairement à "séquentiel" n'importe quel bit d'information peut-être lu immédiatement et rapidement. La plupart des mémoires RAM sont organisées sous forme d'un ensemble rectangulaire de lignes de mots et de lignes de bits. Tout le code servant à l'exécution d'un programme, et autant que possible les données dont le code a besoin sont stockées en RAM.
See: Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association(TERENA).
See BLR.
Voir BLR.
One of the seven local service telephone companies that resulted from the break-up of AT&T in 1984.
(UNI Fault Management) One of the OAMfunction types used for fault management (see also AIS,CC).
(UNI Gestion des Fautes) Une des types de fonction de l'OAM utilisée pour la gestion des fautes(voir aussi AIS, CC).
A factor by which a source should decrease its transmission rate if there is congestion (see also RIF).
A technique to avoid network congestion during peak traffic loads by holding lower-priority traffic in order to serve higher--priority traffic first. RED works well with RSVP to ensure consistent QoS across the network.
Réseau national d'interconnexion destiné au monde de la recherche et de l'enseignement.
Pour accéder au serveur de RENATER : http://www.urec.fr/Renater.
Equipement servant à régénérer ou à remettre en forme un signal affaibli. Il ne modifie pas le contenu du signal et n'intervient qu'au niveau 1 (Physique) du modèle OSI. (voir aussi hub).
For example, one might take the {executable} code of a computer program,
run it to study how it behaved with different input and then attempt to
write a program oneself which behaved identially (or better). An {integrated
circuit} might also be reverse engineered by an unscrupulous company wishing
to make unlicensed copies of a popular chip.
(06 Oct 1995)
The development of TCP/IP standards, procedures and specifications is done via the mechanism of RFCs. These are documents that progress through several development stages, under the control of the IETF, until they are finalized or discarded.
Documents qui constituent les normes pour le réseau Internet et les protocoles de la famille TCP/IP. L'élaboration des RFCs comporte plusieurs étapes placées sous le contrôle de l'IETF. Pour accéder à un article sur les RFCs : http://www.urec.fr/Ftp/publis_urec/92.08.RFCs.txt.
A document prepared by a potential user of products and/or services to solicit information from a provider regarding that provider's products, capabilities, prices, and services. An RFI is generally less restrictive than an RFP and the responses are not binding on the responder.
A document prepared by a potential user of products and/or services to solicit information from a provider regarding that provider's products, capabilities, prices, and services. An RFP is generally more focused than an RFI and the responder may be bound by any information in the response, including pricing.
The three colours of light which can be mixed to produce any other colour. Coloured images are often stored as a sequence of RGB triplets or as separate red, green and blue overlays though this is not the only possible representation (see CMYK and HSV). These colours correspond to the three "guns" in a colour cathode ray tube and to the colour receptors in the human eye.
Often used as a synonym for colour, as in "RGB monitor" as opposed to monochrome (black and white).
Acronyme utilisé par l'opérateur Français France Télécom pour désigner le réseau d'interconnexion de son réseau interurbain.
A factor by which a source can increase its transmission rate if the RM cell indicates no congestion. This can result in a Additive Cell Rate (ACR) (see also RDF).
Groupe technique réunissant les réseaux Européens qui utilisent TCP/IP donc qui font partie de l'Internet. Pour accéder au serveur de RIPE : http://www.ripe.net.
numbers applied to types of connectors often used in UTP wiring. Borrowed from voice telecommunications industry.
Called also Radio in the Local Loop (RLL).
Accès radio, également appelé accès sans fil, radio dans la boucle, ou encore RLL (Radio in the Local Loop, radio dans la boucle locale). Il s'agit d'un système d'accès reliant le terminal téléphonique fixe (RTPC ou RNIS) de l'abonné au commutateur local par voie radio plutôt que par câble ou fibre optique. La mobilité des terminaux est exclue. Le débit ne dépassera pas 1,5 Mb/s. (cf. aussi LMDS , BLR)
Jack and/or connector typically used with copper cable having two twisted pairs, usually unshielded twisted pair category 3(UTP 3) or category 5(UTP 5). Used for telephony, 10Base-T and <100Base-Tx Ethernet LAN, and Token Ring LANs.
Name for the eight-pin modular connector in the 10BaseT standard for UTP connections to workstations or smart wiring hubs. The actual connector is described in ISO standard 8877. They are inexpensive and easy to install onto UTP cable.
Fiche paire torsadée à 8 contacts.
Voir LAN.
= LAN.
The management of critical network resources, such as bandwidth and buffers, at the node level. A special ATM cell with the PTI field set to 6 and containing a series of fields in the 48-byte payload. Transmitted every nth cell to regulate and control traffic flow on a given ABR-based virtual circuit.
Gestion des ressources réseaux critiques, comme la bande passante et les buffers, au niveau du noeud. Une valeur de 6 est réservée dans le champ PTI pour indiquer une cellule RM. La cellule RM est transmise toutes les n cellules afin de permettre la régulation du flux de trafic sur un circuit virtuel de type ABR donné.
Réseau mettant à profit les techniques de numérisation pour transporter sur la même infrastructure plusieurs services concernant la voix, les données ou les images. (voir aussi RNIS, ISDN).
French organization built tor telecommunication research.
Réseaux Optiques Flexibles (réseau) Offre de service offert par un opérateur Télécom à une clientèle d'affaire sur un support de transmission optique unique couplé à un système de gestion. Les ROFs se composent de trois ensembles distincts: