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Nature of President Clinton's Relationship with Monica Lewinsky

A. Introduction
B. Evidence Establishing Nature of Relationship

1. Physical Evidence
2. Ms. Lewinsky's Statements
3. Ms. Lewinsky's Confidants
4. Documents
5. Consistency and Corroboration

C. Sexual Contacts

1. The President's Accounts

a. Jones Testimony
b. Grand Jury Testimony

2. Ms. Lewinsky's Account

D. Emotional Attachment
E. Conversations and Phone Messages
F. Gifts
G. Messages
H. Secrecy

1. Mutual Understanding
2. Cover Stories
3. Steps to Avoid Being Seen or Heard
4. Ms. Lewinsky's Notes and Letters
5. Ms. Lewinsky's Evaluation of Their Secrecy Efforts

II. 1995: Initial Sexual Encounters

A. Overview of Monica Lewinsky's White House Employment
B. First Meetings with the President
C. November 15 Sexual Encounter
D. November 17 Sexual Encounter
E. December 31 Sexual Encounter
F. President's Account of 1995 Relationship

III. January-March 1996: Continued Sexual Encounters

A. January 7 Sexual Encounter
B. January 21 Sexual Encounter

Bibliography/References

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A. Introduction

This Referral presents substantial and credible information that President Clinton criminally obstructed the judicial process, first in a sexual harassment lawsuit in which he was the defendant and then in a grand jury investigation. The opening section of the Narrative provides an overview of the object of the President's cover-up, the sexual relationship between the President and Ms. Lewinsky. Subsequent sections recount the evolution of the relationship chronologically, including the sexual contacts, the President's efforts to get Ms. Lewinsky a job, Ms. Lewinsky's subpoena in Jones v. Clinton, the role of Vernon Jordan, the President's discussions with Ms. Lewinsky about her affidavit and deposition, the President's deposition testimony in Jones, the President's attempts to coach a potential witness in the harassment case, the President's false and misleading statements to aides and to the American public after the Lewinsky story became public, and, finally, the President's testimony before a federal grand jury.

B. Evidence Establishing Nature of Relationship

1. Physical Evidence

Physical evidence conclusively establishes that the President and Ms. Lewinsky had a sexual relationship. After reaching an immunity and cooperation agreement with the Office of the Independent Counsel on July 28, 1998, Ms. Lewinsky turned over a navy blue dress that she said she had worn during a sexual encounter with the President on February 28, 1997. According to Ms. Lewinsky, she noticed stains on the garment the next time she took it from her closet. From their location, she surmised that the stains were the President's semen.⁽¹⁾

Initial tests revealed that the stains are in fact semen.⁽²⁾ Based on that result, the OIC asked the President for a blood sample.⁽³⁾ After requesting and being given assurances that the OIC had an evidentiary basis for making the request, the President agreed.⁽⁴⁾ In the White House Map Room on August 3, 1998, the White House Physician drew a vial of blood from the President in the presence of an FBI agent and an OIC attorney.⁽⁵⁾ By conducting the two standard DNA comparison tests, the FBI Laboratory concluded that the President was the source of the DNA obtained from the dress.⁽⁶⁾ According to the more sensitive RFLP test, the genetic markers on the semen, which match the President's DNA, are characteristic of one out of 7.87 trillion Caucasians.⁽⁷⁾

In addition to the dress, Ms. Lewinsky provided what she said were answering machine tapes containing brief messages from the President, as well as several gifts that the President had given her.

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2. Ms. Lewinsky's Statements

Ms. Lewinsky was extensively debriefed about her relationship with the President. For the initial evaluation of her credibility, she submitted to a detailed "proffer" interview on July 27, 1998.⁽⁸⁾ After entering into a cooperation agreement, she was questioned over the course of approximately 15 days. She also provided testimony under oath on three occasions: twice before the grand jury, and, because of the personal and sensitive nature of particular topics, once in a deposition. In addition, Ms. Lewinsky worked with prosecutors and investigators to create an 11-page chart that chronologically lists her contacts with President Clinton, including meetings, phone calls, gifts, and messages.⁽⁹⁾ Ms. Lewinsky twice verified the accuracy of the chart under oath.⁽¹⁰⁾

In the evaluation of experienced prosecutors and investigators, Ms. Lewinsky has provided truthful information. She has not falsely inculpated the President. Harming him, she has testified, is "the last thing in the world I want to do."⁽¹¹⁾

Moreover, the OIC's immunity and cooperation agreement with Ms. Lewinsky includes safeguards crafted to ensure that she tells the truth. Court-ordered immunity and written immunity agreements often provide that the witness can be prosecuted only for false statements made during the period of cooperation, and not for the underlying offense. The OIC's agreement goes further, providing that Ms. Lewinsky will lose her immunity altogether if the government can prove to a federal district judge -- by a preponderance of the evidence, not the higher standard of beyond a reasonable doubt -- that she lied. Moreover, the agreement provides that, in the course of such a prosecution, the United States could introduce into evidence the statements made by Ms. Lewinsky during her cooperation. Since Ms. Lewinsky acknowledged in her proffer interview and in debriefings that she violated the law, she has a strong incentive to tell the truth: If she did not, it would be relatively straightforward to void the immunity agreement and prosecute her, using her own admissions against her.

3. Ms. Lewinsky's Confidants

Between 1995 and 1998, Ms. Lewinsky confided in 11 people about her relationship with the President. All have been questioned by the OIC, most before a federal grand jury: Andrew Bleiler, Catherine Allday Davis, Neysa Erbland, Kathleen Estep, Deborah Finerman, Dr. Irene Kassorla, Marcia Lewis, Ashley Raines, Linda Tripp, Natalie Ungvari, and Dale Young.⁽¹²⁾ Ms. Lewinsky told most of these confidants about events in her relationship with the President as they occurred, sometimes in considerable detail.

Some of Ms. Lewinsky's statements about the relationship were contemporaneously memorialized. These include deleted email recovered from her home computer and her Pentagon computer, email messages retained by two of the recipients, tape recordings of some of Ms. Lewinsky's conversations with Ms. Tripp, and notes taken by Ms. Tripp during some of their conversations. The Tripp notes, which have been extensively corroborated, refer specifically to places, dates, and times of physical contacts between the President and Ms. Lewinsky.⁽¹³⁾

Everyone in whom Ms. Lewinsky confided in detail believed she was telling the truth about her relationship with the President. Ms. Lewinsky told her psychologist, Dr. Irene Kassorla, about the affair shortly after it began. Thereafter, she related details of sexual encounters soon after they occurred (sometimes calling from her White House office).⁽¹⁴⁾ Ms. Lewinsky showed no indications of delusional thinking, according to Dr. Kassorla, and Dr. Kassorla had no doubts whatsoever about the truth of what Ms. Lewinsky told her.⁽¹⁵⁾ Ms. Lewinsky's friend Catherine Allday Davis testified that she believed Ms. Lewinsky's accounts of the sexual relationship with the President because "I trusted in the way she had confided in me on other things in her life. . . . I just trusted the relationship, so I trusted her."⁽¹⁶⁾ Dale Young, a friend in whom Ms. Lewinsky confided starting in mid-1996, testified:

[I]f she was going to lie to me, she would have said to me, "Oh, he calls me all the time. He does wonderful things. He can't wait to see me." . . . [S]he would have embellished the story. You know, she wouldn't be telling me, "He told me he'd call me, I waited home all weekend and I didn't do anything and he didn't call and then he didn't call for two weeks."⁽¹⁷⁾

4. Documents

In addition to her remarks and email to friends, Ms. Lewinsky wrote a number of documents, including letters and draft letters to the President. Among these documents are (i) papers found in a consensual search of her apartment; (ii) papers that Ms. Lewinsky turned over pursuant to her cooperation agreement, including a calendar with dates circled when she met or talked by telephone with the President in 1996 and 1997; and (iii) files recovered from Ms. Lewinsky's computers at home and at the Pentagon.

5. Consistency and Corroboration

The details of Ms. Lewinsky's many statements have been checked, cross-checked, and corroborated. When negotiations with Ms. Lewinsky in January and February 1998 did not culminate in an agreement, the OIC proceeded with a comprehensive investigation, which generated a great deal of probative evidence.

In July and August 1998, circumstances brought more direct and compelling evidence to the investigation. After the courts rejected a novel privilege claim, Secret Service officers and agents testified about their observations of the President and Ms. Lewinsky in the White House. Ms. Lewinsky agreed to submit to a proffer interview (previous negotiations had deadlocked over her refusal to do so), and, after assessing her credibility in that session, the OIC entered into a cooperation agreement with her. Pursuant to the cooperation agreement, Ms. Lewinsky turned over the dress that proved to bear traces of the President's semen. And the President, who had spurned six invitations to testify, finally agreed to provide his account to the grand jury. In that sworn testimony, he acknowledged "inappropriate intimate contact" with Ms. Lewinsky.

Because of the fashion in which the investigation had unfolded, in sum, a massive quantity of evidence was available to test and verify Ms. Lewinsky's statements during her proffer interview and her later cooperation. Consequently, Ms. Lewinsky's statements have been corroborated to a remarkable degree. Her detailed statements to the grand jury and the OIC in 1998 are consistent with statements to her confidants dating back to 1995, documents that she created, and physical evidence.⁽¹⁸⁾ Moreover, her accounts generally match the testimony of White House staff members; the testimony of Secret Service agents and officers; and White House records showing Ms. Lewinsky's entries and exits, the President's whereabouts, and the President's telephone calls.

C. Sexual Contacts

1. The President's Accounts

a. Jones Testimony

In the Jones deposition on January 17, 1998, the President denied having had "a sexual affair," "sexual relations," or "a sexual relationship" with Ms. Lewinsky.⁽¹⁹⁾ He noted that "[t]here are no curtains on the Oval Office, there are no curtains on my private office, there are no curtains or blinds that can close [on] the windows in my private dining room," and added: "I have done everything I could to avoid the kind of questions you are asking me here today. . . ."⁽²⁰⁾

During the deposition, the President's attorney, Robert Bennett, sought to limit questioning about Ms. Lewinsky. Mr. Bennett told Judge Susan Webber Wright that Ms. Lewinsky had executed "an affidavit which [Ms. Jones's lawyers] are in possession of saying that there is absolutely no sex of any kind in any manner, shape or form, with President Clinton." In a subsequent colloquy with Judge Wright, Mr. Bennett declared that as a result of "preparation of [President Clinton] for this deposition, the witness is fully aware of Ms. Lewinsky's affidavit."⁽²¹⁾ The President did not dispute his legal representative's assertion that the President and Ms. Lewinsky had had "absolutely no sex of any kind in any manner, shape or form," nor did he dispute the implication that Ms. Lewinsky's affidavit, in denying "a sexual relationship," meant that there was "absolutely no sex of any kind in any manner, shape or form." In subsequent questioning by his attorney, President Clinton testified under oath that Ms. Lewinsky's affidavit was "absolutely true."⁽²²⁾

b. Grand Jury Testimony

Testifying before the grand jury on August 17, 1998, seven months after his Jones deposition, the President acknowledged "inappropriate intimate contact" with Ms. Lewinsky but maintained that his January deposition testimony was accurate.⁽²³⁾ In his account, "what began as a friendship [with Ms. Lewinsky] came to include this conduct."⁽²⁴⁾ He said he remembered "meeting her, or having my first real conversation with her during the government shutdown in November of '95." According to the President, the inappropriate contact occurred later (after Ms. Lewinsky's internship had ended), "in early 1996 and once in early 1997."⁽²⁵⁾

The President refused to answer questions about the precise nature of his intimate contacts with Ms. Lewinsky, but he did explain his earlier denials.⁽²⁶⁾ As to his denial in the Jones deposition that he and Ms. Lewinsky had had a "sexual relationship," the President maintained that there can be no sexual relationship without sexual intercourse, regardless of what other sexual activities may transpire. He stated that "most ordinary Americans" would embrace this distinction.⁽²⁷⁾

The President also maintained that none of his sexual contacts with Ms. Lewinsky constituted "sexual relations" within a specific definition used in the Jones deposition.⁽²⁸⁾ Under that definition:

[A] person engages in "sexual relations" when the person knowingly engages in or causes -- (1) contact with the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks of any person with an intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person . . . . "Contact" means intentional touching, either directly or through clothing.⁽²⁹⁾

According to what the President testified was his understanding, this definition "covers contact by the person being deposed with the enumerated areas, if the contact is done with an intent to arouse or gratify," but it does not cover oral sex performed on the person being deposed.⁽³⁰⁾ He testified:

[I]f the deponent is the person who has oral sex performed on him, then the contact is with -- not with anything on that list, but with the lips of another person. It seems to be self-evident that that's what it is. . . . Let me remind you, sir, I read this carefully.⁽³¹⁾

In the President's view, "any person, reasonable person" would recognize that oral sex performed on the deponent falls outside the definition.⁽³²⁾

If Ms. Lewinsky performed oral sex on the President, then -- under this interpretation -- she engaged in sexual relations but he did not. The President refused to answer whether Ms. Lewinsky in fact had performed oral sex on him.⁽³³⁾ He did testify that direct contact with Ms. Lewinsky's breasts or genitalia would fall within the definition, and he denied having had any such contact.⁽³⁴⁾

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2. Ms. Lewinsky's Account

In his grand jury testimony, the President relied heavily on a particular interpretation of "sexual relations" as defined in the Jones deposition. Beyond insisting that his conduct did not fall within the Jones definition, he refused to answer questions about the nature of his physical contact with Ms. Lewinsky, thus placing the grand jury in the position of having to accept his conclusion without being able to explore the underlying facts. This strategy -- evidently an effort to account for possible traces of the President's semen on Ms. Lewinsky's clothing without undermining his position that he did not lie in the Jones deposition -- mandates that this Referral set forth evidence of an explicit nature that otherwise would be omitted.

In light of the President's testimony, Ms. Lewinsky's accounts of their sexual encounters are indispensable for two reasons. First, the detail and consistency of these accounts tend to bolster Ms. Lewinsky's credibility. Second, and particularly important, Ms. Lewinsky contradicts the President on a key issue. According to Ms. Lewinsky, the President touched her breasts and genitalia -- which means that his conduct met the Jones definition of sexual relations even under his theory. On these matters, the evidence of the President's perjury cannot be presented without specific, explicit, and possibly offensive descriptions of sexual encounters.

According to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President had ten sexual encounters, eight while she worked at the White House and two thereafter.⁽³⁵⁾ The sexual encounters generally occurred in or near the private study off the Oval Office -- most often in the windowless hallway outside the study.⁽³⁶⁾ During many of their sexual encounters, the President stood leaning against the doorway of the bathroom across from the study, which, he told Ms. Lewinsky, eased his sore back.⁽³⁷⁾

Ms. Lewinsky testified that her physical relationship with the President included oral sex but not sexual intercourse.⁽³⁸⁾ According to Ms. Lewinsky, she performed oral sex on the President; he never performed oral sex on her.⁽³⁹⁾ Initially, according to Ms. Lewinsky, the President would not let her perform oral sex to completion. In Ms. Lewinsky's understanding, his refusal was related to "trust and not knowing me well enough."⁽⁴⁰⁾ During their last two sexual encounters, both in 1997, he did ejaculate.⁽⁴¹⁾

According to Ms. Lewinsky, she performed oral sex on the President on nine occasions. On all nine of those occasions, the President fondled and kissed her bare breasts. He touched her genitals, both through her underwear and directly, bringing her to orgasm on two occasions. On one occasion, the President inserted a cigar into her vagina. On another occasion, she and the President had brief genital-to-genital contact.⁽⁴²⁾

Whereas the President testified that "what began as a friendship came to include [intimate contact]," Ms. Lewinsky explained that the relationship moved in the opposite direction: "[T]he emotional and friendship aspects . . . developed after the beginning of our sexual relationship."⁽⁴³⁾

D. Emotional Attachment

As the relationship developed over time, Ms. Lewinsky grew emotionally attached to President Clinton. She testified: "I never expected to fall in love with the President. I was surprised that I did."⁽⁴⁴⁾ Ms. Lewinsky told him of her feelings.⁽⁴⁵⁾ At times, she believed that he loved her too.⁽⁴⁶⁾ They were physically affectionate: "A lot of hugging, holding hands sometimes. He always used to push the hair out of my face."⁽⁴⁷⁾ She called him "Handsome"; on occasion, he called her "Sweetie," "Baby," or sometimes "Dear."⁽⁴⁸⁾ He told her that he enjoyed talking to her -- she recalled his saying that the two of them were "emotive and full of fire," and she made him feel young.⁽⁵⁰⁾ He said he wished he could spend more time with her.⁽⁵¹⁾

Ms. Lewinsky told confidants of the emotional underpinnings of the relationship as it evolved. According to her mother, Marcia Lewis, the President once told Ms. Lewinsky that she "had been hurt a lot or something by different men and that he would be her friend or he would help her, not hurt her."⁽⁵²⁾ According to Ms. Lewinsky's friend Neysa Erbland, President Clinton once confided in Ms. Lewinsky that he was uncertain whether he would remain married after he left the White House. He said in essence, "[W]ho knows what will happen four years from now when I am out of office?" Ms. Lewinsky thought, according to Ms. Erbland, that "maybe she will be his wife."⁽⁵³⁾

E. Conversations and Phone Messages

Ms. Lewinsky testified that she and the President "enjoyed talking to each other and being with each other." In her recollection, "We would tell jokes. We would talk about our childhoods. Talk about current events. I was always giving him my stupid ideas about what I thought should be done in the administration or different views on things."⁽⁵⁴⁾ One of Ms. Lewinsky's friends testified that, in her understanding, "[The President] would talk about his childhood and growing up, and [Ms. Lewinsky] would relay stories about her childhood and growing up. I guess normal conversations that you would have with someone that you're getting to know."⁽⁵⁵⁾

The longer conversations often occurred after their sexual contact. Ms. Lewinsky testified: "[W]hen I was working there [at the White House] . . . we'd start in the back [in or near the private study] and we'd talk and that was where we were physically intimate, and we'd usually end up, kind of the pillow talk of it, I guess, . . . sitting in the Oval Office . . . ."⁽⁵⁶⁾ During several meetings when they were not sexually intimate, they talked in the Oval Office or in the area of the study.⁽⁵⁷⁾

Along with face-to-face meetings, according to Ms. Lewinsky, she spoke on the telephone with the President approximately 50 times, often after 10 p.m. and sometimes well after midnight.⁽⁵⁸⁾ The President placed the calls himself or, during working hours, had his secretary, Betty Currie, do so; Ms. Lewinsky could not telephone him directly, though she sometimes reached him through Ms. Currie.⁽⁵⁹⁾ Ms. Lewinsky testified: "[W]e spent hours on the phone talking."⁽⁶⁰⁾ Their telephone conversations were "[s]imilar to what we discussed in person, just how we were doing. A lot of discussions about my job, when I was trying to come back to the White House and then once I decided to move to New York. . . . We talked about everything under the sun."⁽⁶¹⁾ On 10 to 15 occasions, she and the President had phone sex.⁽⁶²⁾ After phone sex late one night, the President fell asleep mid-conversation.⁽⁶³⁾

On four occasions, the President left very brief messages on Ms. Lewinsky's answering machine, though he told her that he did not like doing so because (in her recollection) he "felt it was a little unsafe."⁽⁶⁴⁾ She saved his messages and played the tapes for several confidants, who said they believed that the voice was the President's.⁽⁶⁵⁾

By phone and in person, according to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President sometimes had arguments. On a number of occasions in 1997, she complained that he had not brought her back from the Pentagon to work in the White House, as he had promised to do after the election.⁽⁶⁶⁾ In a face-to-face meeting on July 4, 1997, the President reprimanded her for a letter she had sent him that obliquely threatened to disclose their relationship.⁽⁶⁷⁾ During an argument on December 6, 1997, according to Ms. Lewinsky, the President said that "he had never been treated as poorly by anyone else as I treated him," and added that "he spent more time with me than anyone else in the world, aside from his family, friends and staff, which I don't know exactly which category that put me in."⁽⁶⁸⁾

Testifying before the grand jury, the President confirmed that he and Ms. Lewinsky had had personal conversations, and he acknowledged that their telephone conversations sometimes included "inappropriate sexual banter."⁽⁶⁹⁾ The President said that Ms. Lewinsky told him about "her personal life," "her upbringing," and "her job ambitions."⁽⁷⁰⁾ After terminating their intimate relationship in 1997, he said, he tried "to be a friend to Ms. Lewinsky, to be a counselor to her, to give her good advice, and to help her."⁽⁷¹⁾

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F. Gifts

Ms. Lewinsky and the President exchanged numerous gifts. By her estimate, she gave him about 30 items, and he gave her about 18.⁽⁷²⁾ Ms. Lewinsky's first gift to him was a matted poem given by her and other White House interns to commemorate "National Boss Day," October 24, 1995.⁽⁷³⁾ This was the only item reflected in White House records that Ms. Lewinsky gave the President before (in her account) the sexual relationship began, and the only item that he sent to the archives instead of keeping.⁽⁷⁴⁾ On November 20 -- five days after the intimate relationship began, according to Ms. Lewinsky -- she gave him a necktie, which he chose to keep rather than send to the archives.⁽⁷⁵⁾ According to Ms. Lewinsky, the President telephoned the night she gave him the tie, then sent her a photo of himself wearing it.⁽⁷⁶⁾ The tie was logged pursuant to White House procedures for gifts to the President.⁽⁷⁷⁾

In a draft note to the President in December 1997, Ms. Lewinsky wrote that she was "very particular about presents and could never give them to anyone else -- they were all bought with you in mind."⁽⁷⁸⁾ Many of the 30 or so gifts that she gave the President reflected his interests in history, antiques, cigars, and frogs. Ms. Lewinsky gave him, among other things, six neckties, an antique paperweight showing the White House, a silver tabletop holder for cigars or cigarettes, a pair of sunglasses, a casual shirt, a mug emblazoned "Santa Monica," a frog figurine, a letter opener depicting a frog, several novels, a humorous book of quotations, and several antique books.⁽⁷⁹⁾ He gave her, among other things, a hat pin, two brooches, a blanket, a marble bear figurine, and a special edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass.⁽⁸⁰⁾

Ms. Lewinsky construed it as a sign of affection when the President wore a necktie or other item of clothing she had given him. She testified: "I used to say to him that 'I like it when you wear my ties because then I know I'm close to your heart.' So -- literally and figuratively."⁽⁸¹⁾ The President was aware of her reaction, according to Ms. Lewinsky, and he would sometimes wear one of the items to reassure her -- occasionally on the day they were scheduled to meet or the day after they had met in person or talked by telephone.⁽⁸²⁾ The President would sometimes say to her, "Did you see I wore your tie the other day?"⁽⁸³⁾

In his grand jury testimony, the President acknowledged that he had exchanged a number of gifts with Ms. Lewinsky. After their intimate relationship ended in 1997, he testified, "[S]he continued to give me gifts. And I felt that it was a right thing to do to give her gifts back."⁽⁸⁴⁾

G. Messages

According to Ms. Lewinsky, she sent the President a number of cards and letters. In some, she expressed anger that he was "not paying enough attention to me"; in others, she said she missed him; in still others, she just sent "a funny card that I saw."⁽⁸⁵⁾ In early January 1998, she sent him, along with an antique book about American presidents, "[a]n embarrassing mushy note."⁽⁸⁶⁾ She testified that the President never sent her any cards or notes other than formal thank-you letters.⁽⁸⁷⁾

Testifying before the grand jury, the President acknowledged having received cards and notes from Ms. Lewinsky that were "somewhat intimate" and "quite affectionate," even after the intimate relationship ended.⁽⁸⁸⁾

H. Secrecy

1. Mutual Understanding

Both Ms. Lewinsky and the President testified that they took steps to maintain the secrecy of the relationship. According to Ms. Lewinsky, the President from the outset stressed the importance of keeping the relationship secret. In her handwritten statement to this Office, Ms. Lewinsky wrote that "the President told Ms. L to deny a relationship, if ever asked about it. He also said something to the effect of if the two people who are involved say it didn't happen -- it didn't happen."⁽⁸⁹⁾ According to Ms. Lewinsky, the President sometimes asked if she had told anyone about their sexual relationship or about the gifts they had exchanged; she (falsely) assured him that she had not.⁽⁹⁰⁾ She told him that "I would always deny it, I would always protect him," and he responded approvingly.⁽⁹¹⁾ The two of them had, in her words, "a mutual understanding" that they would "keep this private, so that meant deny it and . . . take whatever appropriate steps needed to be taken."⁽⁹²⁾ When she and the President both were subpoenaed to testify in the Jones case, Ms. Lewinsky anticipated that "as we had on every other occasion and every other instance of this relationship, we would deny it."⁽⁹³⁾

In his grand jury testimony, the President confirmed his efforts to keep their liaisons secret.⁽⁹⁴⁾ He said he did not want the facts of their relationship to be disclosed "in any context," and added: "I certainly didn't want this to come out, if I could help it. And I was concerned about that. I was embarrassed about it. I knew it was wrong."⁽⁹⁵⁾ Asked if he wanted to avoid having the facts come out through Ms. Lewinsky's testimony in Jones, he said: "Well, I did not want her to have to testify and go through that. And, of course, I didn't want her to do that, of course not."⁽⁹⁶⁾

2. Cover Stories

For her visits to see the President, according to Ms. Lewinsky, "[T]here was always some sort of a cover."⁽⁹⁷⁾ When visiting the President while she worked at the White House, she generally planned to tell anyone who asked (including Secret Service officers and agents) that she was delivering papers to the President.⁽⁹⁸⁾ Ms. Lewinsky explained that this artifice may have originated when "I got there kind of saying, 'Oh, gee, here are your letters,' wink, wink, wink, and him saying, 'Okay, that's good.'"⁽⁹⁹⁾ To back up her stories, she generally carried a folder on these visits.⁽¹⁰⁰⁾ (In truth, according to Ms. Lewinsky, her job never required her to deliver papers to the President.⁽¹⁰¹⁾) On a few occasions during her White House employment, Ms. Lewinsky and the President arranged to bump into each other in the hallway; he then would invite her to accompany him to the Oval Office.⁽¹⁰²⁾ Later, after she left the White House and started working at the Pentagon, Ms. Lewinsky relied on Ms. Currie to arrange times when she could see the President. The cover story for those visits was that Ms. Lewinsky was coming to see Ms. Currie, not the President.⁽¹⁰³⁾

While the President did not expressly instruct her to lie, according to Ms. Lewinsky, he did suggest misleading cover stories.⁽¹⁰⁴⁾ And, when she assured him that she planned to lie about the relationship, he responded approvingly. On the frequent occasions when Ms. Lewinsky promised that she would "always deny" the relationship and "always protect him," for example, the President responded, in her recollection, "'That's good,' or -- something affirmative. . . . [N]ot -- 'Don't deny it.'"⁽¹⁰⁵⁾

Once she was named as a possible witness in the Jones case, according to Ms. Lewinsky, the President reminded her of the cover stories. After telling her that she was a potential witness, the President suggested that, if she were subpoenaed, she could file an affidavit to avoid being deposed. He also told her she could say that, when working at the White House, she had sometimes delivered letters to him, and, after leaving her White House job, she had sometimes returned to visit Ms. Currie.⁽¹⁰⁶⁾ (The President's own testimony in the Jones case mirrors the recommendations he made to Ms. Lewinsky for her testimony. In his deposition, the President testified that he saw Ms. Lewinsky "on two or three occasions" during the November 1995 government furlough, "one or two other times when she brought some documents to me," and "sometime before Christmas" when Ms. Lewinsky "came by to see Betty."⁽¹⁰⁷⁾)

In his grand jury testimony, the President acknowledged that he and Ms. Lewinsky "might have talked about what to do in a nonlegal context" to hide their relationship, and that he "might well have said" that Ms. Lewinsky should tell people that she was bringing letters to him or coming to visit Ms. Currie.⁽¹⁰⁸⁾ But he also stated that "I never asked Ms. Lewinsky to lie."⁽¹⁰⁹⁾

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3. Steps to Avoid Being Seen or Heard

After their first two sexual encounters during the November 1995 government shutdown, according to Ms. Lewinsky, her encounters with the President generally occurred on weekends, when fewer people were in the West Wing.⁽¹¹⁰⁾ Ms. Lewinsky testified:

He had told me . . . that he was usually around on the weekends and that it was okay to come see him on the weekends. So he would call and we would arrange either to bump into each other in the hall or that I would bring papers to the office.⁽¹¹¹⁾

From some of the President's comments, Ms. Lewinsky gathered that she should try to avoid being seen by several White House employees, including Nancy Hernreich, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of Oval Office Operations, and Stephen Goodin, the President's personal aide.⁽¹¹²⁾

Out of concern about being seen, the sexual encounters most often occurred in the windowless hallway outside the study.⁽¹¹³⁾ According to Ms. Lewinsky, the President was concerned that the two of them might be spotted through a White House window. When they were in the study together in the evenings, he sometimes turned out the light.⁽¹¹⁴⁾ Once, when she spotted a gardener outside the study window, they left the room.⁽¹¹⁵⁾ Ms. Lewinsky testified that, on December 28, 1997, "when I was getting my Christmas kiss" in the doorway to the study, the President was "looking out the window with his eyes wide open while he was kissing me and then I got mad because it wasn't very romantic." He responded, "Well, I was just looking to see to make sure no one was out there."⁽¹¹⁶⁾

Fear of discovery constrained their sexual encounters in several respects, according to Ms. Lewinsky. The President ordinarily kept the door between the private hallway and the Oval Office several inches ajar during their encounters, both so that he could hear if anyone approached and so that anyone who did approach would be less likely to suspect impropriety.⁽¹¹⁷⁾ During their sexual encounters, Ms. Lewinsky testified, "[W]e were both aware of the volume and sometimes . . . I bit my hand -- so that I wouldn't make any noise."⁽¹¹⁸⁾ On one occasion, according to Ms. Lewinsky, the President put his hand over her mouth during a sexual encounter to keep her quiet.⁽¹¹⁹⁾ Concerned that they might be interrupted abruptly, according to Ms. Lewinsky, the two of them never fully undressed.⁽¹²⁰⁾

While noting that "the door to the hallway was always somewhat open," the President testified that he did try to keep the intimate relationship secret: "I did what people do when they do the wrong thing. I tried to do it where nobody else was looking at it."⁽¹²¹⁾

4. Ms. Lewinsky's Notes and Letters

The President expressed concern about documents that might hint at an improper relationship between them, according to Ms. Lewinsky. He cautioned her about messages she sent:

There were . . . some occasions when I sent him cards or notes that I wrote things that he deemed too personal to put on paper just in case something ever happened, if it got lost getting there or someone else opened it. So there were several times when he remarked to me, you know, you shouldn't put that on paper.⁽¹²²⁾

She said that the President made this point to her in their last conversation, on January 5, 1998, in reference to what she characterized as "[a]n embarrassing mushy note" she had sent him.⁽¹²³⁾ In addition, according to Ms. Lewinsky, the President expressed concerns about official records that could establish aspects of their relationship. She said that on two occasions she asked the President if she could go upstairs to the Residence with him. No, he said, because a record is kept of everyone who accompanies him there.⁽¹²⁴⁾

The President testified before the grand jury: "I remember telling her she should be careful what she wrote, because a lot of it was clearly inappropriate and would be embarrassing if somebody else read it."⁽¹²⁵⁾

5. Ms. Lewinsky's Evaluation of Their Secrecy Efforts

In two conversations recorded after she was subpoenaed in the Jones case, Ms. Lewinsky expressed confidence that her relationship with the President would never be discovered.⁽¹²⁶⁾ She believed that no records showed her and the President alone in the area of the study.⁽¹²⁷⁾ Regardless of the evidence, in any event, she would continue denying the relationship. "If someone looked in the study window, it's not me," she said.⁽¹²⁸⁾ If someone produced tapes of her telephone calls with the President, she would say they were fakes.⁽¹²⁹⁾

In another recorded conversation, Ms. Lewinsky said she was especially comforted by the fact that the President, like her, would be swearing under oath that "nothing happened."⁽¹³⁰⁾ She said:

[T]o tell you the truth, I'm not concerned all that much anymore because I know I'm not going to get in trouble. I will not get in trouble because you know what? The story I've signed under -- under oath is what someone else is saying under oath.⁽¹³¹⁾

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II. 1995: Initial Sexual Encounters

Monica Lewinsky began her White House employment as an intern in the Chief of Staff's office in July 1995. At White House functions in the following months, she made eye contact with the President. During the November 1995 government shutdown, the President invited her to his private study, where they kissed. Later that evening, they had a more intimate sexual encounter. They had another sexual encounter two days later, and a third one on New Year's Eve.

A. Overview of Monica Lewinsky's White House Employment

Monica Lewinsky worked at the White House, first as an intern and then as an employee, from July 1995 to April 1996. With the assistance of family friend Walter Kaye, a prominent contributor to political causes, she obtained an internship starting in early July, when she was 21 years old.⁽¹³²⁾ She was assigned to work on correspondence in the office of Chief of Staff Leon Panetta in the Old Executive Office Building.⁽¹³³⁾

As her internship was winding down, Ms. Lewinsky applied for a paying job on the White House staff. She interviewed with Timothy Keating, Special Assistant to the President and Staff Director for Legislative Affairs.⁽¹³⁴⁾ Ms. Lewinsky accepted a position dealing with correspondence in the Office of Legislative Affairs on November 13, 1995, but did not start the job (and, thus, continued her internship) until November 26.⁽¹³⁵⁾ She remained a White House employee until April 1996, when -- in her view, because of her intimate relationship with the President -- she was dismissed from the White House and transferred to the Pentagon.⁽¹³⁶⁾

B. First Meetings with the President

The month after her White House internship began, Ms. Lewinsky and the President began what she characterized as "intense flirting."⁽¹³⁷⁾ At departure ceremonies and other events, she made eye contact with him, shook hands, and introduced herself.⁽¹³⁸⁾ When she ran into the President in the West Wing basement and introduced herself again, according to Ms. Lewinsky, he responded that he already knew who she was.⁽¹³⁹⁾ Ms. Lewinsky told her aunt that the President "seemed attracted to her or interested in her or something," and told a visiting friend that "she was attracted to [President Clinton], she had a big crush on him, and I think she told me she at some point had gotten his attention, that there was some mutual eye contact and recognition, mutual acknowledgment."⁽¹⁴⁰⁾

In the autumn of 1995, an impasse over the budget forced the federal government to shut down for one week, from Tuesday, November 14, to Monday, November 20.⁽¹⁴¹⁾ Only essential federal employees were permitted to work during the furlough, and the White House staff of 430 shrank to about 90 people for the week. White House interns could continue working because of their unpaid status, and they took on a wide range of additional duties.⁽¹⁴²⁾

During the shutdown, Ms. Lewinsky worked in Chief of Staff Panetta's West Wing office, where she answered phones and ran errands.⁽¹⁴³⁾ The President came to Mr. Panetta's office frequently because of the shutdown, and he sometimes talked with Ms. Lewinsky.⁽¹⁴⁴⁾ She characterized these encounters as "continued flirtation."⁽¹⁴⁵⁾ According to Ms. Lewinsky, a Senior Adviser to the Chief of Staff, Barry Toiv, remarked to her that she was getting a great deal of "face time" with the President.⁽¹⁴⁶⁾

C. November 15 Sexual Encounter

Ms. Lewinsky testified that Wednesday, November 15, 1995 -- the second day of the government shutdown -- marked the beginning of her sexual relationship with the President.⁽¹⁴⁷⁾ On that date, she entered the White House at 1:30 p.m., left sometime thereafter (White House records do not show the time), reentered at 5:07 p.m., and departed at 12:18 a.m. on November 16.⁽¹⁴⁸⁾ The President was in the Oval Office or the Chief of Staff's office (where Ms. Lewinsky worked during the furlough) for almost the identical period that Ms. Lewinsky was in the White House that evening, from 5:01 p.m. on November 15 to 12:35 a.m. on November 16.⁽¹⁴⁹⁾

According to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President made eye contact when he came to the West Wing to see Mr. Panetta and Deputy Chief of Staff Harold Ickes, then again later at an informal birthday party for Jennifer Palmieri, Special Assistant to the Chief of Staff.⁽¹⁵⁰⁾ At one point, Ms. Lewinsky and the President talked alone in the Chief of Staff's office. In the course of flirting with him, she raised her jacket in the back and showed him the straps of her thong underwear, which extended above her pants.⁽¹⁵¹⁾

En route to the restroom at about 8 p.m., she passed George Stephanopoulos's office. The President was inside alone, and he beckoned her to enter.⁽¹⁵²⁾ She told him that she had a crush on him. He laughed, then asked if she would like to see his private office.⁽¹⁵³⁾ Through a connecting door in Mr. Stephanopoulos's office, they went through the President's private dining room toward the study off the Oval Office. Ms. Lewinsky testified: "We talked briefly and sort of acknowledged that there had been a chemistry that was there before and that we were both attracted to each other and then he asked me if he could kiss me." Ms. Lewinsky said yes. In the windowless hallway adjacent to the study, they kissed.⁽¹⁵⁴⁾ Before returning to her desk, Ms. Lewinsky wrote down her name and telephone number for the President.⁽¹⁵⁵⁾

At about 10 p.m., in Ms. Lewinsky's recollection, she was alone in the Chief of Staff's office and the President approached.⁽¹⁵⁶⁾ He invited her to rendezvous again in Mr. Stephanopoulos's office in a few minutes, and she agreed.⁽¹⁵⁷⁾ (Asked if she knew why the President wanted to meet with her, Ms. Lewinsky testified: "I had an idea."⁽¹⁵⁸⁾) They met in Mr. Stephanopoulos's office and went again to the area of the private study.⁽¹⁵⁹⁾ This time the lights in the study were off.⁽¹⁶⁰⁾

According to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President kissed. She unbuttoned her jacket; either she unhooked her bra or he lifted her bra up; and he touched her breasts with his hands and mouth.⁽¹⁶¹⁾ Ms. Lewinsky testified: "I believe he took a phone call . . . and so we moved from the hallway into the back office . . . . [H]e put his hand down my pants and stimulated me manually in the genital area."⁽¹⁶²⁾ While the President continued talking on the phone (Ms. Lewinsky understood that the caller was a Member of Congress or a Senator), she performed oral sex on him.⁽¹⁶³⁾ He finished his call, and, a moment later, told Ms. Lewinsky to stop. In her recollection: "I told him that I wanted . . . to complete that. And he said . . . that he needed to wait until he trusted me more. And then I think he made a joke . . . that he hadn't had that in a long time."⁽¹⁶⁴⁾

Both before and after their sexual contact during that encounter, Ms. Lewinsky and the President talked.⁽¹⁶⁵⁾ At one point during the conversation, the President tugged on the pink intern pass hanging from her neck and said that it might be a problem. Ms. Lewinsky thought that he was talking about access -- interns were not supposed to be in the West Wing without an escort -- and, in addition, that he might have discerned some "impropriety" in a sexual relationship with a White House intern.⁽¹⁶⁶⁾

White House records corroborate details of Ms. Lewinsky's account. She testified that her November 15 encounters with the President occurred at about 8 p.m. and 10 p.m., and that in each case the two of them went from the Chief of Staff's office to the Oval Office area.⁽¹⁶⁷⁾ Records show that the President visited the Chief of Staff's office for one minute at 8:12 p.m. and for two minutes at 9:23 p.m., in each case returning to the Oval Office.⁽¹⁶⁸⁾ She recalled that the President took a telephone call during their sexual encounter, and she believed that the caller was a Member of Congress or a Senator.⁽¹⁶⁹⁾ White House records show that after returning to the Oval Office from the Chief of Staff's office, the President talked to two Members of Congress: Rep. Jim Chapman from 9:25 p.m. to 9:30 p.m., and Rep. John Tanner from 9:31 p.m. to 9:35 p.m.⁽¹⁷⁰⁾

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D. November 17 Sexual Encounter

According to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President had a second sexual encounter two days later (still during the government furlough), on Friday, November 17. She was at the White House until 8:56 p.m., then returned from 9:38 to 10:39 p.m.⁽¹⁷¹⁾ At 9:45 p.m., a few minutes after Ms. Lewinsky's reentry, the President went from the Oval Office to the Chief of Staff's office (where Ms. Lewinsky worked during the furlough) for one minute, then returned to the Oval Office for 30 minutes. From there, he went back to the Chief of Staff's office until 10:34 p.m. (approximately when Ms. Lewinsky left the White House), then went by the Oval Office and the Ground Floor before retiring to the Residence at 10:40 p.m.⁽¹⁷²⁾

Ms. Lewinsky testified:

We were again working late because it was during the furlough and Jennifer Palmieri . . . had ordered pizza along with Ms. Currie and Ms. Hernreich. And when the pizza came, I went down to let them know that the pizza was there and it was at that point when I walked into Ms. Currie's office that the President was standing there with some other people discussing something.

And they all came back to the office and Mr. -- I think it was Mr. Toiv, somebody accidentally knocked pizza on my jacket, so I went to go use the restroom to wash it off and as I was coming out of the restroom, the President was standing in Ms. Currie's doorway and said, "You can come out this way."⁽¹⁷³⁾

Ms. Lewinsky and the President went into the area of the private study, according to Ms. Lewinsky. There, either in the hallway or the bathroom, she and the President kissed. After a few minutes, in Ms. Lewinsky's recollection, she told him that she needed to get back to her desk. The President suggested that she bring him some slices of pizza.⁽¹⁷⁴⁾

A few minutes later, she returned to the Oval Office area with pizza and told Ms. Currie that the President had requested it. Ms. Lewinsky testified: "[Ms. Currie] opened the door and said, 'Sir, the girl's here with the pizza.' He told me to come in. Ms. Currie went back into her office and then we went into the back study area again."⁽¹⁷⁵⁾ Several witnesses confirm that when Ms. Lewinsky delivered pizza to the President that night, the two of them were briefly alone.⁽¹⁷⁶⁾

Ms. Lewinsky testified that she and the President had a sexual encounter during this visit.⁽¹⁷⁷⁾ They kissed, and the President touched Ms. Lewinsky's bare breasts with his hands and mouth.⁽¹⁷⁸⁾ At some point, Ms. Currie approached the door leading to the hallway, which was ajar, and said that the President had a telephone call.⁽¹⁷⁹⁾ Ms. Lewinsky recalled that the caller was a Member of Congress with a nickname.⁽¹⁸⁰⁾ While the President was on the telephone, according to Ms. Lewinsky, "he unzipped his pants and exposed himself," and she performed oral sex.⁽¹⁸¹⁾ Again, he stopped her before he ejaculated.⁽¹⁸²⁾

During this visit, according to Ms. Lewinsky, the President told her that he liked her smile and her energy. He also said: "I'm usually around on weekends, no one else is around, and you can come and see me."⁽¹⁸³⁾

Records corroborate Ms. Lewinsky's recollection that the President took a call from a Member of Congress with a nickname. While Ms. Lewinsky was at the White House that evening (9:38 to 10:39 p.m.), the President had one telephone conversation with a Member of Congress: From 9:53 to 10:14 p.m., he spoke with Rep. H.L. "Sonny" Callahan.⁽¹⁸⁴⁾

In his Jones deposition on January 17, 1998, President Clinton -- who said he was unable to recall most of his encounters with Ms. Lewinsky -- did remember her "back there with a pizza" during the government shutdown. He said, however, that he did not believe that the two of them were alone.⁽¹⁸⁵⁾ Testifying before the grand jury on August 17, 1998, the President said that his first "real conversation" with Ms. Lewinsky occurred during the November 1995 furlough. He testified: "One night she brought me some pizza. We had some remarks."⁽¹⁸⁶⁾

E. December 31 Sexual Encounter

According to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President had their third sexual encounter on New Year's Eve. Ms. Lewinsky -- by then a member of the staff of the Office of Legislative Affairs

-- was at the White House on Sunday, December 31, 1995, until 1:16 p.m.; her time of arrival is not shown.⁽¹⁸⁷⁾ The President was in the Oval Office area from 12:11 p.m. until about the time that Ms. Lewinsky left, 1:15 p.m., when he went to the Residence.⁽¹⁸⁸⁾

Sometime between noon and 1 p.m., in Ms. Lewinsky's recollection, she was in the pantry area of the President's private dining room talking with a White House steward, Bayani Nelvis. She told Mr. Nelvis that she had recently smoked her first cigar, and he offered to give her one of the President's cigars. Just then, the President came down the hallway from the Oval Office and saw Ms. Lewinsky. The President dispatched Mr. Nelvis to deliver something to Mr. Panetta.⁽¹⁸⁹⁾

According to Ms. Lewinsky, she told the President that Mr. Nelvis had promised her a cigar, and the President gave her one.⁽¹⁹⁰⁾ She told him her name -- she had the impression that he had forgotten it in the six weeks since their furlough encounters because, when passing her in the hallway, he had called her "Kiddo."⁽¹⁹¹⁾ The President replied that he knew her name; in fact, he added, having lost the phone number she had given him, he had tried to find her in the phonebook.⁽¹⁹²⁾

According to Ms. Lewinsky, they moved to the study. "And then . . . we were kissing and he lifted my sweater and exposed my breasts and was fondling them with his hands and with his mouth."⁽¹⁹³⁾ She performed oral sex.⁽¹⁹⁴⁾ Once again, he stopped her before he ejaculated because, Ms. Lewinsky testified, "he didn't know me well enough or he didn't trust me yet."⁽¹⁹⁵⁾

According to Ms. Lewinsky, a Secret Service officer named Sandy was on duty in the West Wing that day.⁽¹⁹⁶⁾ Records show that Sandra Verna was on duty outside the Oval Office from 7 a.m. to 2 p.m.⁽¹⁹⁷⁾

F. President's Account of 1995 Relationship

As noted, the President testified before the grand jury that on November 17, 1995, Ms. Lewinsky delivered pizza and exchanged "some remarks" with him, but he never indicated that anything sexual occurred then or at any other point in 1995.⁽¹⁹⁸⁾ Testifying under oath before the grand jury, the President said that he engaged in "conduct that was wrong" involving "inappropriate intimate contact" with Ms. Lewinsky "on certain occasions in early 1996 and once in early 1997."⁽¹⁹⁹⁾ By implicitly denying any sexual contact in 1995, the President indicated that he and Ms. Lewinsky had no sexual involvement while she was an intern.⁽²⁰⁰⁾ In the President's testimony, his relationship with Ms. Lewinsky "began as a friendship," then later "came to include this conduct."⁽²⁰¹⁾

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III. January-March 1996: Continued Sexual Encounters

President Clinton and Ms. Lewinsky had additional sexual encounters near the Oval Office in 1996. After their sixth sexual encounter, the President and Ms. Lewinsky had their first lengthy conversation. On President's Day, February 19, the President terminated their sexual relationship, then revived it on March 31.

A. January 7 Sexual Encounter

According to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President had another sexual encounter on Sunday, January 7, 1996. Although White House records do not indicate that Ms. Lewinsky was at the White House that day, her testimony and other evidence indicate that she was there.⁽²⁰²⁾ The President, according to White House records, was in the Oval Office most of the afternoon, from 2:13 to 5:49 p.m.⁽²⁰³⁾

According to Ms. Lewinsky, the President telephoned her early that afternoon. It was the first time he had called her at home.⁽²⁰⁴⁾ In her recollection: "I asked him what he was doing and he said he was going to be going into the office soon. I said, oh, do you want some company? And he said, oh, that would be great."⁽²⁰⁵⁾ Ms. Lewinsky went to her office, and the President called to arrange their rendezvous:

[W]e made an arrangement that . . . he would have the door to his office open, and I would pass by the office with some papers and then . . . he would sort of stop me and invite me in. So, that was exactly what happened. I passed by and that was actually when I saw [Secret Service Uniformed Officer] Lew Fox who was on duty outside the Oval Office, and stopped and spoke with Lew for a few minutes, and then the President came out and said, oh, hey, Monica . . . come on in . . . . And so we spoke for about 10 minutes in the [Oval] office. We sat on the sofas. Then we went into the back study and we were intimate in the bathroom.⁽²⁰⁶⁾

Ms. Lewinsky testified that during this bathroom encounter, she and the President kissed, and he touched her bare breasts with his hands and his mouth.⁽²⁰⁷⁾ The President "was talking about performing oral sex on me," according to Ms. Lewinsky.⁽²⁰⁸⁾ But she stopped him because she was menstruating and he did not.⁽²⁰⁹⁾ Ms. Lewinsky did perform oral sex on him.⁽²¹⁰⁾

Afterward, she and the President moved to the Oval Office and talked. According to Ms. Lewinsky: "[H]e was chewing on a cigar. And then he had the cigar in his hand and he was kind of looking at the cigar in . . . sort of a naughty way. And so . . . I looked at the cigar and I looked at him and I said, we can do that, too, some time."⁽²¹¹⁾

Corroborating aspects of Ms. Lewinsky's recollection, records show that Officer Fox was posted outside the Oval Office the afternoon of January 7.⁽²¹²⁾ Officer Fox (who is now retired) testified that he recalled an incident with Ms. Lewinsky one weekend afternoon when he was on duty by the Oval Office:⁽²¹³⁾

[T]he President of the United States came out, and he asked me, he says, "Have you seen any young congressional staff members here today?" I said, "No, sir." He said, "Well, I'm expecting one." He says, "Would you please let me know when they show up?" And I said, "Yes, sir."⁽²¹⁴⁾

Officer Fox construed the reference to "congressional staff members" to mean White House staff who worked with Congress -- i.e., staff of the Legislative Affairs Office, where Ms. Lewinsky worked.⁽²¹⁵⁾

Talking with a Secret Service agent posted in the hallway, Officer Fox speculated on whom the President was expecting: "I described Ms. Lewinsky, without mentioning the name, in detail, dark hair -- you know, I gave a general description of what she looked like."⁽²¹⁶⁾ Officer Fox had gotten to know Ms. Lewinsky during her tenure at the White House, and other agents had told him that she often spent time with the President.⁽²¹⁷⁾

A short time later, Ms. Lewinsky approached, greeted Officer Fox, and said, "I have some papers for the President." Officer Fox admitted her to the Oval Office. The President said: "You can close the door. She'll be here for a while."⁽²¹⁸⁾

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B. January 21 Sexual Encounter

On Sunday, January 21, 1996, according to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President had another sexual encounter. Her time of White House entry is not reflected in records. She left at 3:56 p.m.⁽²¹⁹⁾ The President moved from the Residence to the Oval Office at 3:33 p.m. and remained there until 7:40 p.m.⁽²²⁰⁾

On that day, according to Ms. Lewinsky, she saw the President in a hallway by an elevator, and he invited her to the Oval Office.⁽²²¹⁾ According to Ms. Lewinsky:

We had . . . had phone sex for the first time the week prior, and I was feeling a little bit insecure about whether he had liked it or didn't like it . . . . I didn't know if this was sort of developing into some kind of a longer-term relationship than what I thought it initially might have been, that maybe he had some regular girlfriend who was furloughed . . . .⁽²²²⁾

According to Ms. Lewinsky, she questioned the President about his interest in her. "I asked him why he doesn't ask me any questions about myself, and . . . is this just about sex . . . or do you have some interest in trying to get to know me as a person?"⁽²²³⁾ The President laughed and said, according to Ms. Lewinsky, that "he cherishes the time that he had with me."⁽²²⁴⁾ She considered it "a little bit odd" for him to speak of cherishing their time together "when I felt like he didn't really even know me yet."⁽²²⁵⁾

They continued talking as they went to the hallway by the study. Then, with Ms. Lewinsky in mid-sentence, "he just started kissing me."⁽²²⁶⁾ He lifted her top and touched her breasts with his hands and mouth.⁽²²⁷⁾ According to Ms. Lewinsky, the President "unzipped his pants and sort of exposed himself," and she performed oral sex.⁽²²⁸⁾

At one point during the encounter, someone entered the Oval Office. In Ms. Lewinsky's recollection, "[The President] zipped up real quickly and went out and came back in . . . . I just remember laughing because he had walked out there and he was visibly aroused, and I just thought it was funny."⁽²²⁹⁾

A short time later, the President got word that his next appointment, a friend from Arkansas, had arrived.⁽²³⁰⁾ He took Ms. Lewinsky out through the Oval Office into Ms. Hernreich's office, where he kissed her goodbye.⁽²³¹⁾

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1. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 31-32, 39-40; DB Photos 0004 (photo of dress).

2. FBI Lab Report, 8/3/98.

3. OIC letter to David Kendall, 7/31/98 (1st letter of day).

4. Kendall letter to OIC, 7/31/98; OIC letter to Kendall, 7/31/98 (2d letter of day); Kendall letter to OIC, 8/3/98; OIC letter to Kendall, 8/3/98.

5. FBI Observation Report (White House), 8/3/98.

6. FBI Lab Reports, 8/6/98 & 8/17/98. The FBI Laboratory performed polymerase chain reaction analysis (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphisim analysis (RFLP). RFLP, which requires a larger sample, is the more precise method. United States v. Hicks, 103 F.3d 837, 844-847 (9th Cir. 1996).

7. FBI Lab Report, 8/17/98, at 2.

8. Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. During earlier negotiations with this Office, Ms. Lewinsky provided a 10-page handwritten proffer statement summarizing her dealings with the President and other matters under investigation. Lewinsky 2/1/98 Statement. Ms. Lewinsky later confirmed the accuracy of the statement in grand jury testimony. Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 62-63. The negotiations in January and February 1998 (which produced the written proffer) did not result in a cooperation agreement because Ms. Lewinsky declined to submit to a face-to-face proffer interview, which the OIC deemed essential because of her perjurious Jones affidavit, her efforts to persuade Linda Tripp to commit perjury, her assertion in a recorded conversation that she had been brought up to regard lying as necessary, and her forgery of a letter while in college. In July 1998, Ms. Lewinsky agreed to submit to a face-to-face interview, and the parties were able to reach an agreement.

9. Ex. ML-7 to Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ.

10. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 5-6; Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 27-28.

11. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 69.

12. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 59-60, 87; Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 82; Lewinsky 8/24/98 Int. at 8.

13. Ms. Tripp testified that she took notes on two occasions. Tripp 6/30/98 GJ at 141-42; Tripp 7/7/98 GJ at 153-54; Tripp 7/16/98 GJ at 112-13.

14. Kassorla 8/28/98 Int. at 2-3. Ms. Lewinsky (who voluntarily waived therapist-patient privilege) consulted Dr. Kassorla in person from 1992 to 1993 and by telephone thereafter. Id. at 1. Anticipating that the White House might fire Ms. Lewinsky in order to protect the President, Dr. Kassorla cautioned her patient that workplace romances are generally ill-advised. Id. at 2.

15. Kassorla 8/28/98 Int. at 2, 4. Ms. Lewinsky also consulted another counselor, Kathleen Estep, three times in November 1996. While diagnosing Ms. Lewinsky as suffering from depression and low self-esteem, Ms. Estep considered her self-aware, credible, insightful, introspective, relatively stable, and not delusional. Estep 8/23/98 Int. at 1-4.

16. Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 21-22.

17. Young 6/23/98 GJ at 40. See also Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 73; Erbland 2/12/98 GJ at 25 ("I never had any reason to think she would lie to me. I never knew of her to lie to me before and we talked about our boyfriends and, you know, sexual relationships throughout our friendship and I never knew her as a liar."); Finerman 3/18/98 Depo. at 113-16 (characterizing Ms. Lewinsky as trustworthy and honest); Raines 1/29/98 GJ at 87 ("I have no reason to believe that [Ms. Lewinsky's statements] were lies or made up."); Tripp 7/29/98 GJ at 187 ("There were so many reasons why I believed her. She just had way too much detail. She had detail that none of us could really conceivably have if you had not been exposed in a situation that she claimed to be."); Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 19 ("[s]he's never lied to me before"); id. at 21, 61-62; Young 6/23/98 GJ at 38-40.

18. Ms. Lewinsky testified that she has "always been a date-oriented person." Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 28. See also Tripp 6/30/98 GJ at 141-42 (Ms. Lewinsky "had a photographic memory for the entire relationship").

19. Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 78, 204. The transcript of this deposition testimony appears in Document Supp. A. For reasons of privacy, the OIC has redacted the names of three women from the transcript. The OIC will provide an unredacted transcript if the House of Representatives so requests.

20. Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 57.

21. Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 54.

22. Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 204. Beyond his denial of a sexual relationship with Ms. Lewinsky, the President testified that he could not recall many details of their encounters. He said he could not specifically remember whether he had ever been alone with Ms. Lewinsky, or any of their in-person conversations, or any notes or messages she had sent him, or an audiocassette she had sent him, or any specific gifts he had given her. Alone together: Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 52-53, 56-59. Conversations: Id. at 59. Cards and letters: Id. at 62. Audiocassette: Id. at 63-64. Gifts from the President to Ms. Lewinsky: Id. at 75. When asked about their last conversation, the President referred to a December encounter when, he said, Ms. Lewinsky had been visiting his secretary and he had "stuck [his] head out" to say hello. Id. at 68. He did not mention a private meeting with Ms. Lewinsky on December 28, 1997, or a telephone conversation with her on January 5, 1998. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 27-28 & Ex. ML-7; Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 34-36, 126-28.

23. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 10, 79, 81.

24. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 10.

25. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 31, 10. See also id. at 38-39.

26. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 10, 92-93.

27. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 22.

28. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 10, 12, 93-96.

29. 849-DC-00000586. The definition mirrors a federal criminal statute, 18 U.S.C. § 2246(3). The ellipsis in the quotation omits two paragraphs of the definition that Judge Wright ruled inapplicable. Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 21-22. The President testified that he considered the definition "rather strange," and at one point he spoke of "people being drawn into a lawsuit and being given definitions, and then a great effort to trick them in some way." Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 19, 22. He acknowledged, however, that the definition "was the one the Judge decided on and I was bound by it." Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 19.

30. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 15, 93, 100, 102.

31. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 151.

32. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 168.

33. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 102-105, 167-68.

34. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 95-96, 100, 110, 139. The President did not always specify that the contact had to be direct. Id. at 15 ("[m]y understanding of the definition is it covers contact by the person being deposed with the enumerated areas, if the contact is done with an intent to arouse or gratify"); id. at 16 (definition covers "[a]ny contact with the areas there mentioned").

35. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 27-28 & Ex. ML-7. These numbers include occasions when one or both of them had direct contact with the other's genitals, but not occasions when they merely kissed. On the timing of some of their sexual encounters, Ms. Lewinsky's testimony is at odds with the President's. According to Ms. Lewinsky, she and the President had three sexual encounters in 1995 (the President said he recalled none) and two sexual encounters in 1997 (not one, as the President testified). Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 27-28 & Ex. ML-7; Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 6; Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 9-10. The President's account omits the two 1995 encounters when Ms. Lewinsky was an intern (as well as one 1995 encounter when she worked on the White House staff), and it treats the 1997 encounter that produced the semen-stained dress as a single aberration.

36. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 34-36; Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 17; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 2; Lewinsky 7/31/98 Int. at 4; Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 16; Erbland 2/12/98 GJ at 27-28, 43-44; Finerman 3/18/98 Depo. at 32; Kassorla 8/28/98 Int. at 2; Raines 1/29/98 GJ at 32-33; Tripp 7/2/98 GJ at 54, 101; Tripp 7/7/98 GJ at 171; Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 19, 25.

37. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 35; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 2.

38. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 12, 21; Lewinsky 2/1/98 Statement at 1. See also Andrew Bleiler 1/28/98 Int. at 3; Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 21; Kassorla 8/28/98 Int. at 2; Tripp 7/2/98 GJ at 100, 104-107; Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 23.

39. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 19; Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 20; Erbland 2/12/98 GJ at 29, 44; Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 20; Young 6/23/98 GJ at 37-38; but see Raines 1/29/98 GJ at 43 (testifying that she was "pretty sure" that Ms. Lewinsky spoke of reciprocal oral sex); Tripp GJ 7/2/98 at 101 (testifying that she understood that, on rare occasions, the President reciprocated).

40. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 38-39. See also Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 24.

41. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 19-20, 38-39; Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 23-24.

42. Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 5-13, 15-16; Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 19-21; Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 31-32, 40, 67-69; Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 20, 30-31, 50; Andrew Bleiler 1/28/98 Int. at 3; Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 20-21, 169; Erbland 2/12/98 GJ at 29, 43-45; Estep 8/23/98 Int. at 2; Kassorla 8/28/98 Int. at 2; Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 23-24.

43. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 10; Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 5. In Ms. Lewinsky's recollection, the friendship started to develop following their sixth sexual encounter, when the President sat down and talked with her for about 45 minutes after she had complained that he was making no effort to get to know her. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 23, 33-34.

44. Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 59. See also id. at 52; Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 168. After the President's August 1998 speech acknowledging improper conduct with Ms. Lewinsky, she testified that she was no longer certain of her feelings because, in her view, he had depicted their relationship as "a service contract, that all I did was perform oral sex on him and that that's all that this relationship was. And it was a lot more than that to me . . . ." Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 54. See also id. at 53-56, 102-104.

45. MSL-55-DC-0178 (document retrieved from Ms. Lewinsky's home computer); Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 147; Erbland 2/12/98 GJ at 92.

46. Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 52; T1 at 101. See also Marcia Lewis 2/11/98 GJ at 7; Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 182.

47. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 18.

48. Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 6; Currie 5/7/98 GJ at 60; Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 27; Raines 1/29/98 GJ at 53; Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 45; Young 6/23/98 GJ at 47; ⁽⁴⁹⁾

49. --

50. Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 6.

51. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 55-57; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 6.

52. Marcia Lewis 2/11/98 GJ at 7-8.

53. Erbland 2/12/98 GJ at 84. See also Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 56-57; Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 166-67. In late 1997, Ms. Lewinsky asked Vernon Jordan whether he believed that the Clintons would remain married. Lewinsky 2/1/98 Statement at 8; Jordan 3/3/98 GJ at 150.

54. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 17. See also Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 24; Lewinsky 8/24/98 Int. at 6; Tripp 7/7/98 GJ at 172.

55. Raines 1/29/98 GJ at 39. See also Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 18; Finerman 3/18/98 Depo. 47-49; Raines 1/29/98 GJ at 47-48; Tripp 7/14/98 GJ at 77, 79-81.

56. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 52-53.

57. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 52.

58. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 21-23; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 2. See also Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 36; Erbland 2/12/98 GJ at 38-39, 43; Finerman 3/18/98 Depo. at 26-29, 110, 116-17; Raines GJ at 51; Tripp 7/7/98 GJ at 62-63, 65-66; Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 81.

59. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 44; Lewinsky 8/24/98 Int. at 5; Currie 5/14/98 GJ at 131-32, 136, 141; Currie 7/22/98 GJ at 35, 77.

60. Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 55.

61. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 23.

62. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 23-24; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 2. See also Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 36-37; Erbland 2/12/98 GJ at 38-39; Raines 1/29/98 GJ at 51; Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 81. Ms. Lewinsky gave the President a novel about phone sex, Vox by Nicholson Baker. Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 13; 1361-DC-00000030 (White House list of books in private study, including Vox).

63. Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 15.

64. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 23; Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 6. The messages, on tapes that Ms. Lewinsky turned over to the OIC, are as follows: "Aw, shucks." "Hey." "Come on. It's me." "Sorry I missed you." Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 22-23; Lewinsky 7/29/98 Int. at 3, 5; Lewinsky 8/3/98 Int. at 6.

65. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 22-23; Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 28-29; Erbland 2/12/98 GJ at 49; Kassorla 8/28/98 Int. at 4; Raines 1/29/98 GJ at 89; Tripp 7/2/98 GJ at 89; Tripp 7/9/98 GJ at 95-97, 104-105; Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 31-33.

66. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 67-69.

67. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 74-75.

68. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 114.

69. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 10.

70. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 47, 51.

71. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 47, 124.

72. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 25-26.

73. Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 12. See also MSL-55-DC-0184 - 186 (eight-line poem recovered from Ms. Lewinsky's home computer that refers to President as "the Boss with whom we're all smitten" and wishes him "Happy National Boss Day!").

74. V006-DC-00000167; V006-DC-00000181 (gift record and donor information); V006-DC-00003646 (correspondence history).

75. V006-DC-00000157 - 158 (gift record and donor information).

76. Lewinsky 8/11/98 Int. at 2; V006-DC-00000178 (autographed photo).

77. Few of Ms. Lewinsky's subsequent gifts were logged. Of the roughly 30 gifts (including several antiques) that, in her account, she gave the President, White House records show only the matted poem from interns, two or three neckties (records conflict), and a T-shirt. V006-DC-00000157; V006-DC-00000162; V006-DC-00000167; V006-DC-00000180; V006-DC-00000181; V006-DC-00003714; V006-DC-00003715.

78. MSL-55-DC-0177.

79. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 5-6 & Ex. ML-7. In response to a January 20, 1998, subpoena seeking "any and all gifts . . . to or from Monica Lewinsky . . . including

. . . any tie, mug, paperweight, book, or other article," the President turned over a necktie, two antique books, a mug, and a silver standing holder for cigars or cigarettes. Subpoena V002; V002-DC-00000001; V002-DC-00000469. A subpoena dated July 17, 1998, identified specific gifts, including Vox, a novel about phone sex by Nicholson Baker that, according to Ms. Lewinsky, she gave the President in March 1997. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 183-84; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 13; Subpoena D1415. The President did not produce Vox in response to either subpoena, though his attorney represented that "the President has complied with [the] grand jury subpoenas." David Kendall Letter to OIC, 8/31/98. Vox, however, does appear on an October 1997 list of books in the President's private study, and Ms. Lewinsky saw it in the study on November 13, 1997. 1361-DC-00000030; Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 183-84.

80. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 5-6 & Ex. ML-7.

81. Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 36. See also Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 236; Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 153.

82. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 236; Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 36; Lewinsky 8/3/98 Int. at 8; Lewinsky 8/11/98 Int. at 2-3. For example, one day after the President and Ms. Lewinsky talked by telephone on February 7, 1996, and one day after they talked on August 4, 1996, he wore a necktie she had given him. Lewinsky 8/5/98 Int. at 1; Lewinsky 8/11/98 Int. at 2-3.

83. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 236.

84. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 47. See also id. at 33-36, 43-46.

85. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 26.

86. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 189.

87. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 26-27.

88. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 48-49. In the Jones deposition, in contrast, the President was asked if he remembered anything written in Ms. Lewinsky's notes or cards to him. He testified: "No. Sometimes, you know, just either small talk or happy birthday or sometimes, you know, a suggestion about how to get more young people involved in some project I was working on. Nothing remarkable. I don't remember anything particular about it." Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 62.

89. Lewinsky 2/1/98 Statement at 10. See also Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 62-63; Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 141-42, 178-79. Ms. Lewinsky once told Betty Currie: "As long as no one saw us -- and no one did -- then nothing happened." Currie 1/27/98 GJ at 63-64.

90. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 78, 97-101; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 3.

91. Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 22. See also Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 9 (President assumed Ms. Lewinsky's Jones affidavit would be a denial, since their pattern had been to conceal and deny).

92. Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 4; Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 166-67. See also Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 9-10, 12.

93. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 234.

94. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 38.

95. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 38, 119. See also id. at 80, 119, 136, 153.

96. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 37.

97. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 53-54. See also Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 2, 11; Lewinsky 8/19/98 Int. at 4; Lewinsky 2/1/98 Statement at 1.

98. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 53-54.

99. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 54.

100. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 54-55; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 10.

101. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 54-55.

102. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 18, 53-54.

103. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 18-19; Lewinsky 2/1/98 Statement at 1.

104. Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 105; Lewinsky 2/1/98 Statement at 1.

105. Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 22.

106. Lewinsky 2/1/98 Statement at 4; Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 123, 233.

107. Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 50-51, 68.

108. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 118-19.

109. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 119. The President did not elaborate on his understanding of the words "ask[]" or "lie" in that statement. In other exchanges, he indicated that he construes some words narrowly. Id. at 59 (accuracy of particular statement "depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is"); id. at 107 ("I have not had sex with her as I defined it"); id. at 134 ("it depends on how you define alone"); id. ("there were a lot of times when we were alone, but I never really thought we were").

110. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 47. Along with weekend visits, Ms. Lewinsky sometimes saw the President on holidays: New Year's Eve, President's Day, Easter Sunday, July 4. In November 1997, she grew irritated that the President did not arrange to see her on Veterans Day. Lewinsky 9/3/98 Int. at 2.

111. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 18. See also Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 7, 22.

112. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 84-85; Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 7. Ms. Lewinsky told friends about White House people she tried to avoid. Tripp 6/30/98 GJ at 159-60, 164; Tripp 7/14/98 GJ at 75; T1 at 32; 1037-DC-00000318 (email from Ms. Lewinsky).

113. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 34-35; Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 16-17; Lewinsky 7/31/98 Int. at 4. The study is one of the most private rooms in the White House. Fox 2/17/98 GJ at 76. See also Chinery 7/23/98 GJ at 52; Currie 5/6/98 GJ at 67; Ferguson 7/17/87 GJ at 32, 38; Maes 4/8/98 GJ at 89-90; Podesta 6/23/98 GJ at 72.

114. Lewinsky 7/31/98 Int. at 4.

115. Lewinsky 8/4/98 Int. at 4.

116. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 36. See also Lewinsky 7/31/98 Int. at 4.

117. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 36-37; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 2. According to a Secret Service officer who entered the Oval Office when the President and Ms. Lewinsky were in or near the study, the door leading from the Oval Office to the hallway was slightly ajar. Muskett 7/21/98 GJ at 36-37, 39. In his Jones deposition, the President was asked if there are doors at both ends of the hallway. He responded: "[There] are, and they're always open." Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 59. In early 1998, in the course of denying any sexual relationship with Ms. Lewinsky, the President repeatedly told Deputy Chief of Staff John Podesta that "the door was open." Podesta 6/16/98 GJ at 88-89.

118. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 56. See also Lewinsky 7/31/98 Int. at 3.

119. Lewinsky 7/31/98 Int. at 3.

120. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 44-45; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 9; Lewinsky 7/31/98 Int. at 4. Ms. Lewinsky also testified about various steps she took on her own to ensure that the relationship remained secret, such as using different doors to enter and depart the Oval Office area, avoiding the President at a White House party, and referring to the President as "her" in pages to Betty Currie. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 44-45, 57, 218; Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 5-6, 18; Lewinsky 7/29/98 Int. at 2-3.

121. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 38. See also id. at 53 (to President's knowledge, Ms. Currie did not see intimate activity between President and Ms. Lewinsky); id. at 54 ("I'd have to be an exhibitionist not to have tried to exclude everyone else.").

122. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 56.

123. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 189, 198. See also Lewinsky 8/2/98 Int. at 3. The President was under a legal obligation to turn this note over to the Jones attorneys but failed to do so.

124. Lewinsky 8/24/98 Int. at 8.

125. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 50. See also id. at 130-131.

126. One of these tapes, T30, is a face-to-face conversation between Ms. Tripp and Ms. Lewinsky, recorded under FBI auspices. The other, T22, is a telephone conversation between Ms. Tripp and Ms. Lewinsky, recorded by Ms. Tripp.

From these and other transcripts of recorded conversations, the OIC has redacted various brief, irrelevant, and gratuitous passages, mostly references to Ms. Lewinsky's family members. Most of these redactions are only a word or two long; others are somewhat longer. The tapes themselves have not been edited by the OIC, and the OIC will provide unredacted transcripts if the House of Representatives so requests.

Ms. Tripp produced to the OIC 27 tapes (four of which proved inaudible or blank) of her telephone conversations with Ms. Lewinsky. Ms. Tripp testified that she turned over the original recordings. She testified that she knew nothing about any duplications of the recordings, though others had access to or control over the tapes at times before they were turned over. According to a preliminary FBI examination, several of the 23 tapes containing audible conversations exhibit signs of duplication, and one tape exhibiting signs of duplication was produced by a recorder that was stopped and restarted during the recording process. These preliminary results raise questions about the reliability and authenticity of at least one recording, which in turn raise questions about the accuracy of Ms. Tripp's testimony regarding her handling of the tapes. The OIC is continuing to investigate this matter. This Referral does not quote or rely on any tapes that exhibit signs of duplication. For a fuller discussion, see Appendix, Tab I.

127. T30 at 41.

128. T30 at 41.

129. T30 at 41-42.

130. T22 at 12.

131. T22 at 12.

132. 828-DC-00000012 (resume); Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 1; Walter Kaye 5/21/98 GJ at 34, 51-52; Marcia Lewis 4/3/98 Depo. at 90; Abramson 2/20/98 Int. at 1; Footlik 3/19/98 Int. at 1; 827-DC-00000003 (White House entry records for Ms. Lewinsky). President Clinton testified that Mr. Kaye is "a good friend of mine and a good friend of our administration." Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 61. Ms. Lewinsky turned 22 on July 23. 812-DC-00000002 (passport showing birthdate).

133. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 8; Lewinsky 8/20/98 GJ at 8; Bobowick 2/12/98 Int. at 1; Currie 1/27/98 GJ at 23-24; Panetta 1/28/98 GJ at 121-23; Palmieri 2/24/98 GJ at 12; V006-DC-00000020 (White House employee data form).

134. Lewinsky 8/3/98 Int. at 2.

135. Lewinsky 8/3/98 Int. at 2; 828-DC-00000012 (resume); V006-DC-00000225 (employment approval for the Legislative Affairs Office); V006-DC-00000198 (1995 White House intern directory); V006-DC-00002287 (record of Ms. Lewinsky's transfer).

136. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 60.

137. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 10.

138. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 9; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 2; Lewinsky 8/3/98 Int. at 1; V006-DC-00001826 (photo showing President and Ms. Lewinsky).

139. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 16-17 & Ex. ML-7.

140. Finerman 3/18/98 Depo. at 10-11; Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 15-17.

141. Facts on File 852, 868 (1995).

142. Washington Post, 11/20/95 at A19; Los Angeles Times, 11/14/95 at A15; USA Today, 11/17/95 at 4A.

143. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 10-11; Byrne 6/25/98 Depo. at 18; Byrne 7/30/98 GJ at 36; Palmieri 2/24/98 GJ at 16-19; Panetta 1/28/98 GJ at 122.

144. Goodin 2/17/98 GJ at 48-50; Griffin 5/11/98 Int. at 1; Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 10-11; Palmieri 2/24/98 GJ at 20-22; Raines 1/29/98 GJ at 35-36; V006-DC-00003737 - 3744 (White House photos showing President and Ms. Lewinsky during furlough).

145. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 11.

146. Lewinsky 8/3/98 Int. at 2; Barry Toiv 3/11/98 Int. at 1 (job title).

147. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 10; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 1-2. She told others that her physical relationship with the President began during the November 1995 shutdown. Raines 1/29/98 GJ at 38; Tripp 7/2/98 GJ at 38-39. To one friend, Ms. Lewinsky specified that the relationship began on November 15, 1995. Tripp 6/30/98 GJ at 138; Tripp 7/2/98 GJ at 38-39, 80-82.

148. 827-DC-00000008. According to records, it was one of only two times during Ms. Lewinsky's tenure at the White House that she exited after midnight. 827-DC-00000003 - 16. (The other post-midnight exit was not during the furlough; it was the night of December 6-7, 1995.) As the omission of Ms. Lewinsky's November 15 afternoon exit time illustrates, White House Epass and WAVES records do not reflect all entries and exits of staff and visitors. Secret Service Representatives Barry Smith et al. 3/16/98 Int. at 3-5. See also Appendix, Tab I.

149. 1222-DC-00000156, 1222-DC-00000083 - 85 (movement logs). Times are approximate, as different logs of the President's movements sometimes vary by a few minutes. With occasional exceptions, these logs do not distinguish the President's private study from the Oval Office.

150. Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 2; Lewinsky 8/24/98 Int. at 5.

151. Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 5; Lewinsky 8/11/98 Int. at 7; Erbland 2/12/98 GJ at 24-25.

152. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 11; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 2; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 5.

153. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 11; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 2; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 5.

154. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 11; Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 7. Ms. Lewinsky later told confidants that the relationship began with kissing. Catherine Davis 3/17/98 GJ at 19; Finerman 3/18/98 Depo. at 31-35; Tripp 7/7/98 GJ at 151-52.

155. Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 5.

156. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 7.

157. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 12; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 5.

158. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 7.

159. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 7; Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 12, 13.

160. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 8; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 5.

161. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 7-8.

162. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 8. See also id. at 21. Earlier in the evening, Ms. Lewinsky had removed her underwear. Lewinsky Int. 9/3/98 at 1.

163. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 12-14; Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 9-10; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 6.

164. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 10.

165. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 11.

166. Lewinsky 9/3/98 Int. at 3; Lewinsky 8/24/98 Int. at 5; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 6.

167. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 11-12; Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 7.

168. 1362-DC-00000549 (movement logs).

169. Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 6.

170. 1472-DC-00000006 - 08. Starting 11 minutes later, the President talked with other Members of Congress. Id.

171. 827-DC-00000008 (Epass records).

172. 1222-DC-00000085 (movement logs).

173. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 14. See also Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 6-7.

174. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 14-15; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 7.

175. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 15-16.

176. In Ms. Currie's recollection, Ms. Lewinsky and the President were alone together for about 30 seconds. Currie 1/27/98 GJ at 33-34; Currie 5/14/98 GJ at 36-38. Ms. Hernreich testified that when delivering food during the government shutdown, Ms. Lewinsky was alone with the President for two to four minutes. Hernreich 2/26/98 GJ at 36-37. See also Hernreich 2/25/98 GJ at 12-17. Other witnesses also remembered Ms. Lewinsky's pizza delivery during the furlough. Keating 2/25/98 GJ at 31-32; Palmieri 2/24/98 GJ at 20, 53, 62. The President and Ms. Lewinsky (as well as others) appear in eight White House photographs taken on November 17; in three of them, the President is eating pizza. V006-DC-00003737 - 3744.

177. Lewinsky 8/6/98 GJ at 16; Lewinsky 8/26/98 GJ at 11-15; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 7.

178. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 12-13; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 7.

179. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 12; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 7.

180. Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 7.

181. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 13-14.

182. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 13-14; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 7. One friend understood that Ms. Lewinsky and the President kissed when she brought pizza, and that Ms. Lewinsky performed oral sex on him in a later encounter. Ungvari 3/19/98 GJ at 18-19, 20, 23. One of Ms. Lewinsky's counselors understood that the relationship with the President began at a pizza party. Estep 8/23/98 Int. at 2.

183. Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 7. See also Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 15.

184. 1472-DC-00000015 (phone logs). Ms. Lewinsky said that this probably was the name she heard on that date. Lewinsky 8/11/98 Int. at 5. She testified that she could not recall whether the President was on the telephone the whole time that she performed oral sex. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 14.

185. Clinton 1/17/98 Depo. at 58.

186. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 31-32.

187. 827-DC-00000011 (Epass records).

188. 1222-DC-00000179 (movement logs). The President had one telephone call during this period, from 12:53 to 12:58 p.m. 1506-DC-00000029 (phone logs).

189. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 15-16; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 3-4; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 8.

190. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 16.

191. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 16; Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 3-4; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 8.

192. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 16.

193. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 16-17. See also Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 8.

194. Lewinsky 7/27/98 Int. at 3-4; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 8.

195. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 17. See also Finerman 3/18/98 Depo. at 30-32, 35.

196. Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 3.

197. 1222-DC-00000325 (Secret Service duty logs).

198. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 31-32.

199. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 9-10.

200. Ms. Lewinsky understood that the President may have thought there was something improper in having a sexual relationship with an intern. Lewinsky 8/24/98 Int. at 5.

201. Clinton 8/17/98 GJ at 10.

202. As noted above, White House entry and exit records are incomplete.

203. 1222-DC-00000183 (movement logs).

204. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 18. See also Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 2, 8.

205. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 18.

206. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 19.

207. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 19.

208. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 19.

209. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 19.

210. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 20. They engaged in oral-anal contact as well. Id.

211. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 38.

212. 1222-DC-00000325, 1362-DC-00001171 (Secret Service duty logs).

213. Fox 2/17/98 GJ at 33. Although Mr. Fox believed that the incident occurred in late 1995, the totality of the evidence suggests that it was on this date, January 7, 1996.

214. Fox 2/17/98 GJ at 31.

215. Fox 2/17/98 GJ at 60-61, 66-67.

216. Fox 2/17/98 GJ at 33.

217. Fox 2/17/98 GJ at 19-20, 42, 49-50.

218. Fox 2/17/98 GJ at 34-35. Officer Fox testified that the President and Ms. Lewinsky were alone. Fox 2/17/98 GJ 36-37. His sworn testimony on this point differs from the public statements of his attorney, who told reporters that Officer Fox did not know whether the two were alone. Chicago Tribune, 2/17/98 at 1C.

219. 827-DC-00000013 (Epass records).

220. 1222-DC-00000189 (movement logs). While Ms. Lewinsky was in the White House, the President had a single phone call, at 3:47 p.m. for one minute. 1506-DC-00000050 (phone logs).

221. Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 9; Lewinsky 8/24/98 Int. at 6.

222. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 22-23.

223. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 23.

224. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 23.

225. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 23-24. See also Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 10.

226. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 24-25.

227. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 25.

228. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 26.

229. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 26. This interruption may have been occasioned by the President's one-minute phone call at 3:47 p.m. 1506-DC-00000050 (phone logs).

230. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 26-27. Ms. Lewinsky stated that the Blairs from Arkansas were visiting the President. Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 10. This is confirmed by a Secret Service itinerary for January 21, 1996, where Diane Blair is listed as a houseguest. 1222-DC-00000024 (presidential itinerary).

231. Lewinsky 8/26/98 Depo. at 27-28; Lewinsky 7/30/98 Int. at 10; Tripp 7/7/98 GJ at 124-26, 139-143; Tripp 7/9/98 GJ at 4-5; 845-DC-00000004 (Tripp notes).